Mesopotamia+2

=**Geography**= Mesopotamia is located in the western part of Asia between the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers. It is near the Nile river. It is between the Syrian desert and the Zagros mountains. It is surrounded by the Red Sea, The Black Sea, Caspian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.In mesopotamia,irrigation was essentail for crop production.

**City-states and Sargon**
city-states- a sovereign state consisting of an autonomous city with its dependencies. The Sumerians were the first to develop civilization, they had city-states with about 10,000 residents in it. Sargon of Akkad, also known as Sargon the Great "The Great King" (Akkadian //Šarru-kinu//, cuneiform, meaning "the true king" or "the king is legitimate"), was an Akkadian emperor famous for his conquest of the Sumerian city-states in the 24th and 23rd centuries BC. The founder of the Dynasty of Akkad, Sargon reigned from about 2334 BC to 2279 BC.



**Sumerians**
The sumerians developed the world's first civilization. The sumerians settled in the southern part of mesopotamia. Most of the sumerians were farmers. The first cities of sumer had about 10,000 residents. Historians think that over time about 2000 BC, some of the Sumer´s cities had more than had more than 100,000 residents. By 3000 BC several hundred thousand sumerias settled in mesopotamia. No one really knows where the sumerians came from but, there is a theory that comes from the zagros mountains. People think that perhaps the population became too numerous, for the farmers to feed. So settlers from the Zagros mountains went to the south to find new places to live.



Achievement
The Sumerians invented many things such as, the Plow to help grow crops, the wheel to carry objects such as vegetables, fruits, and crops. These inventions were alot of help back then because they wouldn't have to carry things in their backs. The plow was pulled by cows or oxen. They learned how to domesticate animals for human needs. Domesticate means to train animals. They used these things for many reasons. One of the reasons is that they learned how to make cheese out of cow milk. The Sumerians learned how to write, their writting was called cuneiform. The people that knew how to write were called scribes.They envented wheels for carts. The scribes worked for Preists and Ministers. Those are some of the achievements of Mesopotamia.

**Hammurabi**
Hammurabi was a great conqueror, basicly he reconquered the old Akkadian Empire. Under Hammurabi's rule, Babylon controlled all of mesopotamia. People don't remember him as a conqueror, they remembered him by the law codes he established. He wanted stability in his empire. He ordered many scholars to gather existing laws around mesopotamia and codify them into one, large civic code. Basicly Hammurabi was one of the first kings to establish Civil law. The code was very specific. For example, An eye for and eye, this means that if you caused someone to lose and eye the consiquence would be you lose and eye too. It also depends on different classes. Like for example, if someone with a lot of money caused a farmer with little money to lose and eye, all they would do is pay a fine and they wouldn't lose an eye.

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